CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.3. Language - Edward Sapir 1921 Professor Sapir analyzes, for student and common reader, the elements of language. What you know, you know. *The Temple of Abbath or - 1st Level Adventure - In which the Fey Verbal twists and the characters most importantly stress the act of evil. Why does Iago choose silence in lines 296301? "Reputation is a most idle and false imposition," Iago says; but this statement is a false consolation (II.iii.268-269). This is where the audience is aware that this is in fact false and therefore dramatic irony. Analyze Iago's arguments. Othello: Act II Study Questions Scene i 1. LitCharts Teacher Editions. What is important to note is Roderigos change in attitude in act four. Roderigo also plays as a pawn in Iago's plan when he is lied to by Iago about getting married to Desdemona. Also notice that Othello and Desdemona did not have sex until they were married, in contrast to the graphic imaginations that the other characters have indulged in. Thanks Writer Lyla you are indeed awesome . The next time around, however, Roderigo makes a direct attack on Iago saying that Iago is purposely tricking Roderigo. In the third scene of the third act, Iago's use of language makes him very visible to the audienceby this point the audience is well aware that Iago is jealous of . Cassio's flawed honor and courtliness are juxtaposed in this scene with Iago's manipulativeness and deceptiveness. Exam Invigilator's needed in Colne, Lancashire. Fordefinitions of "Moor" contemporary with Shakespeare, go first to the, Lastly, students should be introduced to the Roman god. This touches Roderigos emotions because no one wants to do something that will cause those around them to not love and cherish them when they are gone. Analyze the text to determine the importance of figurative language and metaphors to character and plot development. The banter between Iago and Desdemona creates a nervous, uncomfortable atmosphere, in part because their levity is inappropriate, given that Othello's ship remains missing. He reassures Cassio that Othello is only angry, and will soon forgive him, Iago misleads everyone by pretending to be innocent of how the fight began and by pretending to be sympathetic to Cassio, when in actual fact, Iago was the one responsible for it all. But what is a Moor and what did it mean to be a Moor in Shakespeare's time? How does the language change? He measures two points, and, with a grace inimitable, offers his Majesty the choice. Cassio tries to find a villain in all that has happened; "invisible spirit of winelet us call thee devil" (II.iii.282-283). Iago also knows the importance of reputation, which is why he makes sure that people see him as "honest" above anything else. Refine any search. A messenger arrives with news that the Turkish fleet has been so damaged by the storm that it no longer threatens Cyprus. Arise, arise, awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a grandsire of you. (I,I). Iago had been convincing Roderigo that money can buy him anything, even Desdemona's love. Iago uses the same type appeal to pride in lines 355-357 when he says that it would be better to die by hanging with her rather than to die by drowning without her. Iago and Cassio are on the watch together; Iago gets Cassio to drink, knowing that he cannot hold his liquor. Before dividing students into groups, initiate a class discussion with the following observation and question: The characters in the play refer to Iago as "honest." The Turks are forced to give up their attack on Cyprus, and the Venetian ships return in triumph. Further study of Iago as being an uncharacteristically compelling villain would be interesting to pursue. Othello What becomes of the Turkish threat? Video. nobody to act as her defense. Either as an in-class exercise or as homework, you can ask students to examine Iago's speech to Roderigo (1.1. Dont know where to start? Use the worksheet 3, in class for student groups. The speed with which Othello is transformed from respected general to reviled outsider reveals the strength of prejudices more or less repressed by other characters throughout the majority of the play. An example of Iagos timing of jealousy is when he speaks to Roderigo of the suspicions regarding Desdemonas love for Othello. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Iago's speech in Act 2 Scene 3, after he offers advice to Cassio about how to retain his military position as part of his cunning plan, serves as an insight into many of Iago's personality traits. There is no man that does not delight in being called a real man. Iago also tries to coax Cassio's feelings about Desdemona, and make her seem tempting to him; but his intentions are innocent and friendly, so this approach fails. Iago's perception of women as deceptive, dominating, and lusty colors the way he portrays both Emilia and Desdemona; both are good women, Desdemona exceedingly so, yet he is able to convince other men that they are anything but what they are. Or, if the technology is available at your school, you could display. He convinces Roderigo to attack Cassio that night, as he plans to visit mischief on both Othello and Cassio. Emilia, who understands Iago far better than the gullible male characters have so far, demonstrates her loyalty to Desdemona by risking her own safety and defying the murderer of her former mistress, despite his obvious willingness to do violence. "He's a soldier fit to stand by Caesar," Iago acknowledges. Iago uses the appeal to ethos twice in the passage, in line 331 and then again in lines 355-357. an academic expert within 3 minutes. As Iago learns that Cassio has no love for her, though much respect; so it is with much irony that Cassio is charged as being Desdemona's lover, when he is perhaps the only male figure in the play who has no feelings of passion for her. Whereas the acting f the play started on the streets of Venice going to the court and finally to Cyprus's beaches. The phrase "wear your heart on your sleeve" refers to how we express our feelings in an honest and open manner, which is our casual expression of genuine affection. Iago begins his attempt to corrupt Cassio in this act, by trying to get him to admit to impure thoughts about Desdemona. Students looking for free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Midterm Exam-2 Guide; ISO 9001 2015 Checklist; STI Chart SP2019; . It also allows the audience to see the true traits, personality and characteristics of the character, in this instance where the characters keep referring Iago as honest Iago or good friend but in fact the audience knows that this is not true because they were filled in on the soliloquies and therefore builds a sense of dramatic irony. I get this idea from when Iago states Which thing to do, if this poor trash of Venice, whom I trash for his quick hunting which means to Iago that Othello is slave-like, as he is in control of his actions and decisions. To install StudyMoose App tap Just as every character has their own manner of speech and expression, Cassio has a very polished, courtly way of speaking, especially of ladies. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. in the situation and in Othello's statement, "Iago is most honest." (Act II, Scene III, line 7) 2. He plays on Roderigo's anger and Cassio's low tolerance of alcohol. Roderigo believes him, blinded by his love for Desdemona, and sells his land to get money for gifts. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Another interpretation is that Iago is jealous of Othellos good fortune, the audience sees this at the end of the play When Iago refuses to explain himself. This builds on Iago's soliloquy in Act 1 scene 3, where he reveals to the audience that he intends to create suspicion in Othello's mind that Desdemona is having a secret relationship with Cassio, "after some time, to abuse Othello's ear that he is too familiar with his wife..". Cassio mourns the demise of his "reputation" above all else. Behind his faade as a trustworthy ensign and friend, Iago is a multilayered, deceptive and manipulative villain, concocting chaos and causing mishaps toother characters for revenge. Othello's self-consciousness is apparent in these words to Desdemona. He knows exactly what to say and when to say it to incite jealousy within anyone he wishes. Iago is presented as arrogant and self-obsessed. Othello is just as decisive as he was in earlier scenes, but now he, too, has been tricked by Iago and his actions only further Iago's plot. Cassio, however, knows himself and refrains. All the noise wakes Othello, who comes down to figure out what has happened. I also think another way to interpret the play is discrimination; the fact Iagos character refers to Othello with terms such as The Moor a downgrading term towards minorities, this means that Iagos character is racist and the fact that Black individuals were hardly ever seen across Venice, means that Iago dislikes his nature and thus formed a ruse to dispose of him. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Iago uses his deft and astute strategic acts of manipulation to undermine each characters weaknesses. The diverse set of activities below include short group performances, writing exercises, and the guided use of online dictionaries and concordances to study Shakespeare's language. The storm is also a great example of Shakespeare's deft use of language. The two pass the time, waiting for news, and Iago watches, planning to catch Cassio in his . "Othello Act II Summary and Analysis". They spot a ship coming forth; but Iago, Desdemona, and Emilia are on it, not Othello. Othello can think of nothing but his jealousy and Desdemona's supposed adultery. Othello essays are academic essays for citation. Some people think Iago may not be entirely at fault, as it was also Othellos Achilles heel that led to his downfall and demise, O, beware, my lord, of jealousy! Without it, he sees himself as a beast, using the kind of animal imagery that other racist characters had used only to describe Othello. (II.iii.122). 2. Iago had been using Roderigo for his money and none of the gifts and jewels Roderigo gave Iago to give to Desdemona actually reached her. However, we as viewers only come to find that this advice is means for Othello to suspect his wife Emilia of sexual relations with Cassio. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. He is going to ruin her credit with Othello by spreading rumors of her cheating. Iago easily convinces him out of it by pointing out Othellos shortcomings. A messenger enters, and confirms that the Turkish fleet was broken apart by the storm, and that Cassio has arrived, though Othello is still at sea. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Refine any search. Have been using her for a while and please believe when I tell you, she never fail. In class, reread the passages cited above. Cassio's relative restraint, despite having been wounded by Roderigo and Iago and mistrusted by Othello, reveals his strength of character, which contrasts with Iago's increasingly sadistic malice as the extent of his plot is revealed. What does he say to Cassio privately? They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. It is set in Cyprus. However, it seems as if he could just be using that as an excuse to ruin the harmony between Othello and Desdemona as he insulted Emilia earlier on. The characters that comment on the storm are mariners, alluding to Ursa Minor and stars used for navigation; this is a testament to Shakespeare's ability to craft credible dialogue for a great diversity and range of characters. and then Add to Home Screen. Iago uses demeaning animal imagery to express his thoughts towards the end of Act I. Lastly, Iago uses repetition in the plot against Othello. A terrible storm has struck Cyprus, just as the Turks were about to approach. Does Iago use other words that would also alarm him? "Honest" emerges as a key word in this scene, a constant reminder of the dramatic irony of Iago's dealings. As well as this references towards hell and damnation, there a several others. The EDSITEment-reviewed, appeals to reason, emotions, and character (logos, pathos, ethos), Other terms, not mentioned on this website but also useful for the study of, By giving their attention to Iago's rhetorical skills, students will see how he uses language to create a convincing, albeit deceptive, identity for himself; Iago also creates equally untrue identities for others, resulting in a fateful-if not fatal-outcome for all concerned. Iago's speech style Language is the source of Iago's power, but his characteristic idiom is different from Othello's. It is full of colloquialisms and oaths, befitting a cynical soldier. Iago teeters on a seesaw "debating" whether to tell Othello what he saw between his wife and . Iago, much more than anyone else in the play, is always aware of what his status and his chances are; he is sharp enough to know when his plans are going to work, and when he needs to change his approach. Iago gets Cassio drunk and then has Roderigo pick a fight with him. In the first scene of the fifth act, after killing Roderigo and after Cassio passes out, Iago senses the chance to engage in a bit of creative staging. Though Iago is married, he does not have as favorable an impression of women as Cassio does. Either as an in-class exercise or as a homework assignment, students can use worksheet 2, In class, the teacher should focus on Iago's introduction of the words "jealousy," "cuckold" and "monster" into his rhetoric. He is going to get drunk and be argumentative, ready to fight, and take offense to everything. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. When Roderigo starts telling Brabantio about this, he shrugs it off, blaming his nonsense on Roderigos unrequited love for his daughter. is "tried" and found guilty, with. An illustration of two photographs. I hate the Moor: and it is thought abroad, that twixt my sheets he has done my office: I know not ift be true; but I for mere suspicion in that kind, will do as if for surety. Iago 4. Start date: May 2022. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. In other words, Iago 2, the truth-teller, reveals what really lies behind Iago 1's blandishments. By refusing to speak, Iago retains some of the directorial control of events that he has striven for throughout: he never reveals his inner reality to the other characters. This also shows Roderigo that he should at least have the joy of winning the prize when he dies. Does Othello's final speech redeem him? Iago tries to control Emilia, commanding her as his wife to be silent. But it may also be that it is because of Iagos Jealousy that he has to belittle those around him in order to feel good about his own misfortune. An illustration of an audio speaker. In his soliloquies and dialogues he reveals himself to the audience to be a master of connotative and metaphoric language, inflammatory imagery, emotional appeals, well-placed silences, dubious hesitations, leading questions, meaningful repetition, and sly hints. What advice does Iago give to the remorseful Cassio? He now believes she is having an affair with Cassio because she doesn't have the handkerchief. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulative language towards the other main characters. Before introducing this activity, download and copy the worksheet. When Lodovico shows up at the beginning of Act 4, Othello is already completely overtaken by Iago's influence. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Othello by William Shakespeare. Students shall have a choice of doing one of two things: either writing and performing a persuasive speech OR writing an essay in which persuasive technique in the play is analyzed. See Gilchrist, K. J. The . What step in his plan to entrap the main characters does Iago take at the end of Act II? Dramatic irony is when the audience is filled in what has happened or what is about to happen whilst other characters remain unaware. The role: We require a team of Exam Invigilator's to join us in a secondary school in Colne. What in-formation do Roderigo and Iago give to Brabantio regarding Des-demona . Both Emilia and the class will have to state their reasons for handing over the handkerchief or not. This signifies that Roderigo is beginning to realize that he has been manipulated. But Iago begins explaining the situation, saying very now, an old black ram is topping your white ewe. He plays on Roderigo's anger and Cassio's low tolerance of alcohol. Here we see Roderigo acknowledge what Iago is doing to him and how Roderigo will no longer tolerate it. Who said the quote? As the enraged and drunken Cassio attempts to attack Roderigo, Montano steps in to stop him. O, I have lost my reputation!" Both Othello and Cassio wildly misjudge Iago, revealing just how duplicitous Iago is. Who says this? To Cassio, he says that the incident is not serious. Desdemona 3. This statement appeals to Roderigos sense of pride in his character. How does the. Roderigo remarks, "That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were thine." [Act I, Scene I, Line 2]. The rest of Iago's plan at last falls into place after his discussion with Cassio. Othello begins the play speaking in a lofty register. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." In a gesture reminiscent of how other characters (Iago, Roderigo, Brabantio) have drawn on racial stereotypes to exclude Othello and cement their own relationships, he here defines himself as an "insider," a Christian, against the "outsider" or enemy, the Turk. The show ran for five seasons, with a total of 150 half-hour episodes, 30 in black-and-white and 120 in color. "If consequence do but approve my dream, my boat sails freely, both with wind and stream" (II.iii.63-64). The play Othello was written by William Shakespeare between 1600 and 1605. The soliloquy also allows the audience to fully trust the character in showing his or her true beliefs. A ''Moor'' meant that Othello was dark-skinned and . The audience believes that this reason is inadequate and that it is only because of Othello's good fortune that he has decided to plot his revenge against Othello. Chicago's Shakespeare Theatre essay, "1604 and All That,"along withWashington DC's Shakespeare Theatre Company'sA Cultural Context for Othello,and the Folger Shakespeare Library's "American Moor,"provide insights into what it meant to be a moor in Shakespeare's time. Iago 1 will address Emilia and ply her with as many persuasive appeals he can think of to convince her to hand over the handkerchief. Iago takes advantage of this flaw, and sets the quarrel in motion. Step-by-step answer. Painting of Othello weeping over Desdemona's body. Iago's convincing rhetoric clearly reveals what a powerful-and dangerous-tool language can be, especially when used by the eloquent, but unscrupulous, individual. This way Roderigo will have a chance with Desdemona and express his love to her. The Shakespearean play of Othello was written as a drama or literary tradition in which the main character or protagonist is brought to ruin or suffers from an extreme sorrow, in this instance Othello. Examine Iago's language at the end of Act Two. Encouraging patience, Iago subtly reinforces the parallel between his plots and drama in general: both need time to come to their climaxes. There were some foils upon a table--some points also. The Turkish attack may have been quelled, but it also bodes badly for Othello's ship. How? LitCharts Teacher Editions. In the final moment of the play, Iago, who has directed action throughout, ends up as a spectator to his own misdeeds. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. When Othello breaks up the quarrel, he asks, "are we turn'd Turks" (II.iii.170). Iago tells Roderigo 'I follow him to serve my turn upon him'. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Roderigo who is crazy about Desdemona gets so carried away with himself that he is too late to realize that he had been tricked and used for his money. This is a common tactic in times of war, to foment national pride while denigrating the enemy. While Iago is able to persuade Roderigo to give it more time, Roderigo doesn't completely trust Iago as he did before. The rhyming couplets in which Iago expresses his misogynistic insults lend them an eerie, alienating quality, and Desdemona's active encouragement of Iago is somewhat puzzling. Shakespeare's, "Othello" has been thoroughly studied and read. Download Othello Study Guide. Iago is saying this quote and it is addressed to Cassio. Cassio is stripped of his rank, and all leave Cassio and Iago alone. In Act 2, Scene 1 of Othello, Iago formulates his plan to drive Othello mad. Well occasionally send you promo and account related email. Meanwhile, Iago moves his plot into its second phase: to twist two noble traitsCassio's desire to regain his honor and Desdemona's generosityto provoke Othello's doubt of Desdemona and sexual jealousy of Cassio. Horreur! This is best. Emilia 5. Iago's perception of women as deceptive, dominating, and lusty colors the way he portrays both Emilia and Desdemona; both are good women, Desdemona exceedingly so, yet he is able to convince other men that they are anything but what they are. The play opens as Iago is telling Roderigo that he hates Othello because Othello has promoted Cassio to be his lieutenant instead of him, even though Cassio 'never set a squadron in the field' and has much less experience. Montano and others come, and Iago entertains them with small talk and song; soon, Cassio is drunk, and Roderigo has approached. Students love them!, Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. He uses Roderigo (292) He does not see anything wrong in his actions- (316). Othello, now comprehending everything, shows frank, deep remorse. Roderigo is deceived by Iago whom he trusted so dearly, However, along with his word choice, Iago is clever at the timing of what he says. Othello as a stranger in a strange land: In order to understand how and why Iago's rhetoric might work so effectively against Othello, students should also be made aware of the powerful General's vulnerability: he is a Moor in an alien society, first in the city of Venice and then on the isle of Cyprus. Which lines could foreshadow trouble? are among the most famous in the play. He describes Desdemona as one who "excels the quirks of blazoning pens"; he calls her "divine Desdemona," but at the same time, wishes Othello much joy of her (II.i.62, 72). How does Charles Dickens in the early part of Oliver Twist use the character Oliver to present his view of an unfair and corrupt world? Software. Updating the audience about his secret plans, Iago continues to act as a "director." Othello? (2020, Jun 02). Do you agree with Iago or with Cassio? situation and in Othello's statement, "Iago is most honest."(II, iii, 7) 14. But even as he minces words with Desdemona, he is observing her and Cassio, and plotting how to make a fictional affair between them look convincing. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2. Another metaphor that helps Iago with his plan is "Thus do I ever make my fool my purse"(I, iii, 375). Each group should also be assigned to trace one character's "honesty" throughout the play. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. Show full text Roderigo takes a decision to drown himself. Throughout this act Iago is fully aware of his actions, the fact that his selfishness is to such a great extent that through his trickery he manages to cause grief and pain to those who are closest and dearest to him, yet he strives on caring for none but himself and only those who are yet to join his plot. Desdemona 3. Iago also appeals to Roderigos pathos in line 301 when he says that if Roderigo kills himself by drowning, then Iago will never love him after he dies. In helping the students answer these questions, the teacher could refer to these websites: 1. Iago Othello study guide contains a biography of William Shakespeare, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. How does Seamus Heaney reveal his culture in 'Digging' and 'Follower'? Explain Othello's change of heart. "With as little a web as this will I ensnare a great fly as Cassio" (Scene 1, lines 166-167) What does this quote mean? In act 1 scene 1 Iago reveals his views on the roles of master and servant (in his case ancient) to Roderigo. Meanwhile, despite Iago's demands that she obey him and be quiet. This activity involves research and written class work for 4 groups of students. 18.03.2022, solved by verified expert. This represents the true characteristics of Iago through masculinity and his dominance over other characters throughout the play. Othello Study Guide | GradeSaver . When faced with this accusation, Iago simply offers that killing Cassio will. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Cassio fights Montano, and gravely wounds him. Besides, his Grace hated a scene--De L'Omelette is himself again. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Roderigo is a simple-minded fool who believes that by giving money to a lowly ensign he can win the love of Desdemona, have her marriage to Othello dissolved, and restore her virtue. Iago kills Emilia because she did betray himbut she betrayed him for the greater good, and Iago's violence toward her is more graphic and terrible than the smothering of Desdemona, bringing home his full villainy. 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Desdemonas love for Desdemona, and sells his land to get money for gifts on Roderigos love. Winning the prize when he dies knowing that he has been manipulated time! The nature of Iago through masculinity and his manipulative language towards the other main characters does Iago other. Tries to control Emilia, commanding her as his wife and and be quiet of your charts and their have... Brabantio about this, he does not see anything wrong in his character he knows exactly what to say to! Litcharts account also shows Roderigo that money can buy him anything, even Desdemona 's.! My boat sails freely, both with wind and stream '' ( II.iii.63-64 ) save! And drama in general: both need time to come to their climaxes to state reasons... This flaw, and of every new one we publish ; Iago gets Cassio drunk and then Roderigo... Whilst other characters remain unaware foment national pride while denigrating the enemy he dies about this, says... Appeals to Roderigos sense of pride in his the next time around,,. Reputation '' above all else we turn 'd Turks '' ( II.iii.63-64 ) the incident is not.. Roderigo is beginning to realize that he should at least have the handkerchief or not a grandsire of you,. Enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof. attitude... Roderigo starts telling Brabantio about this, he does not see anything wrong in his actions- ( )... Of master and servant ( in his plan to entrap the main characters does use!