The ash had been accumulating over several days, so they had swept most of the roofs and taken road construction equipment and plowed the roads, much like you would plow the roads for snow. Precursors to the 1991 Eruptions At Mount Pinatubo, this major earthquake caused a landslide, some local earthquakes, and a short . The two plates are responsible for the volcano's formation It generated an ash column that was over five km high The eruption produced high-speed avalanches of hot ash and gas, mudflows, and a cloud of volcanic ash. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. an earthquake with a 7.3 on the richter scale happened around 100 kilometers from the volcano, which moved the crust beneath Mt Pinatubo. We also didn't have the benefit of sophisticated plume trajectory models like NASA's Disasters Team uses today, such as NOAA's HYSPLIT model and the Langley Trajectory Model (LaTM). Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. 20,000 indigenous Aeta highlanders, who had lived on the slopes of the volcano, were displaced. The eruption of Mt. 58,000people had to be evacuated from a 30km radius of the volcano, Houses and bridges destroyed and needed replacing and Manila airport had to be closed. Create your account. More than 840 people died due to roofs collapsing under the weight of the ash, combined with the typhoon. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The socio-cultural and environmental implications of the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo significantly impacted individuals in the Philippians. 1991 Mt. (Editors note: Because of the sunlight-absorbing effect of the aerosols in the stratosphere, scientists measured a drop in the average global temperature of about 1 degree F [0.6 degrees C] over the 15 months following the eruption.). Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991, which temporarily cooled our planet by 0.5 degrees C. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. After two months of emissions and small explosions, a series of major explosions began on June 12. I'm from upstate New York, and when I was a kid, I'd look out my bedroom window and see snowbanks all the way down the street. The big changes between now and then are instantaneous broadband communications via the internet and satellite remote sensing, primarily via radar sensors. Several smaller lahars washed through the Clark Air Base, flowing across the base in enormously powerful sheets, slamming into buildings and scattering cars. The steps needed to accomplish this mission are also based on scientific excellence, requiring well-trained public health practitioners and leaders dedicated to high standards of quality and ethical practice. Management If the folks dealing with Mt. For most of Earth's active volcanoes, though, we don't have detailed information. 4 The ash that was released was used for farming to help the plants prosper. Omissions? The UN document correctly indicates that volcanic eruptions sometimes fill the skies with ash or sulfur, dim the sun for years, and lead to measurable global cooling episodes. It is in the middle of the Eurasian and Philippine plate it is part of the chain of volcanoes known as the Luzon volcanic arc. What happened during and right before the eruption? Pyroclastic flows deposited as 660 ft of gas, ash, and pumice flowed into the areas below. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology - Department of Science and Technology (PHIVOLCS-DOST) enjoins the nation in commemorating the 1991 Pinatubo Eruption on its 25th anniversary this June 2016. CDC seeks to accomplish its mission by working with partners throughout the nation and the world to of the molten magma becomes lower than that of the rock, and so it pushes it 1.2 million people lost their homes around the volcano and had A:The launch of more Synthetic Aperture Radar satellites, such as the upcoming NASA/ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission scheduled to launch in January 2023, will be a game-changer. What happened after the 1991 Mt Pinatubo volcanic eruption? Mt. 1.1 Impacts of SO2 on the Environment. The two plates are responsible for the volcano's formation. The eruption disproportionately impacted the native Aeta, a small aboriginal tribe that numbered about 60,000 before the eruption. What was the aerosol depth of Mount Pinatubo? PINATUBO Botolan This mountain was made famous by its eruption in June 1991. These days we use synthetic aperture radar from space to monitor the deformation of the Earths surface, so you can see the rate of expansion. What experience do you need to become a teacher? Those actions saved up to 5,000 lives and $250 million in property. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? Murray currently serves as an associate program manager for the Disasters program area of NASA's Earth Science Applied Sciences Program and the program's lead response and risk reduction coordinator at NASA's Langley Research Center. Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, for example, erupted catastrophically in 1991; before that, its most recent . [Partial . It is unknown if it will erupt again soon. How extensive was the area affected by Pinatubo eruption? It affected the weather and climate around the world. Within hours, heavy rains began to . The eruption of the Mount Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines will have a serious and perhaps catastrophic short-term effect on the region, geologists say, but in the long run it may be beneficial. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Primary Effect: Roads were unusable and bridges were destroyed, so people found it hard to escape and rescue and relief operations were difficult. Pinatubo cost $700 million in damage. Pinatubo eruption of June 15, 1991, was the largest eruption in the last 100 years. The SST and atmospheric responses of the EPE case significantly deviate from those of the CPE and NTE cases. Disease surveillance showed that measles, acute respiratory infections, and diarrhea were the most important problems. | Characteristics & Movement, Strategies to Prevent Intentional Injuries. At the same time, Typhoon Yunya arrived, bringing harsh winds and rain, moving ash further than had been predicted. To obtain accurate, timely data on the health status of persons in evacuation camps after the eruption of the Mt. 5 How tall was the ash plume from Pinatubo? How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? What are the short-term effects of volcanoes? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Mount Pinatubo is located in Luzon, Philippines. Lava Flow Composition & Types | What is Lava Flow? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The eruption cost $700 million in damage, $100 million of which was damage to 16 aircraft flying at the time of the eruption and $250 million in property with the rest a combination of agriculture, forestry and land. The sulfur dioxide from the gas became sulfuric acid and caused global cooling, since it prevented solar energy from reaching Earth's surface. What was the impact of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption? Some of the military was redeployed to other areas, but the civilian dependents who couldn't get out on their own, had to be evacuated by us. Collaborating to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health through health promotion, prevention of disease, injury and disability, and preparedness for new health threats. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Learn where Mount Pinatubo is located and its volcano type. Bursts of gas-charged magma exploded into umbrella ash clouds, hot flows of gas and ash descended the volcanos flanks and lahars swept down valleys. The volcanic ash was dull gray with some brown, and some of the roofs still had significant ash accumulation on top of them. What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Mount Pinatubo is a volcano located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Request Permissions, Maria Ruth S. Surmieda, Grace Abad-Viola, Ilya P. Abellanosa, Florante P. Magboo, Rio L. Magpantay, Maria Luz G. Pascual, Enrique A. Tayag, Franklin C. Diza, Juan M. Lopez, Mary Elizabeth G. Miranda, Robert A. Sadang, Nancy S. Zacarias, Felilia M. White, Maria Concepcion R. Roces, Mark E. White and Manuel M. Dayrit, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, Published By: Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC). Impact of the Mt. Obviously, communication is faster. Mount Pinatubo is an active volcano in the largest island of the Philippines: Luzon. The Applied Sciences Program is part of the Earth Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate. The eruption of Mt. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. 180 lessons. 3 Why are short-term responses important? Naval Base Subic Bayduring "Operation Fiery Vigil." This eruption deposited more than 1 cubic mile (5 cubic kilometers) of volcanic ash and rock fragments on the volcano's slopes. Q: Did the weather briefings include things like ash clouds from volcanoes? 4 The ash that was released was used for farming to help the plants prosper. They work closely with the insurance industry. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". While threats from the volcanic material that caused many of these impacts have lessened, much of the ash and other debris remains on Mt. You don't always have those options in a lot of developing countries. . Heavy rainfall from Typhoon Yunga causes buildings to collapse. Earthquakes and steam explosions were also felt. The United States Geological Service helped to predict the Fast flowing volcanic mudflows (lahars) cause sever river bank ; The release of gases and heat can cause temperatures to increase, which result in global warming. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Pinatubo injected about 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, where it reacted with water to form a hazy layer of aerosol particles composed primarily of sulfuric acid droplets. Q: Thank you for sharing your experience with us, John. Volcano Eruptions Were the Nature's Experiments. Volcanic eruptions can release a substantial amount of SO 2 to affect global temperature as in the case of Mt. Aeta used to be mainly hunters and gatherers who made extensive use of the Pinatubo environment to survive. Mount Pinatubo, volcano, western Luzon, Philippines, that erupted in 1991 (for the first time in 600 years) and caused widespread devastation. Pinatubo eruption on the 15th June 1991. Pinatubo is a stratovolcano. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Pinatubo, USGS - The Cataclysmic 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, Smithsonian Institution - Global Volcanism Program - Pinatubo, Mount Pinatubo - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mount Pinatubo - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). On June 6, the area began to experience volcanic-tectonic earthquakes and saw a large volcanic puff of smoke. to migrate to shanty towns in Manila. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. What happened Mount Pinatubo when it erupted? Pinatubo eruption caused widespread impacts across societal, economic and environmental areas. We wrapped the engines of the ones remaining on deck in tarps so no volcanic aerosols could contaminate them. In addition to a very unhappy Doberman giving birth to a litter of puppies under some yellow gear (aircraft tows), at least one other unusual situation also stuck with me. It forms part of the Zambales Mountain Range along with Mount Negron, Mount Cuadrado, and Mount Mataba. The eruption columns extended to 9-13 km and released 95 Mt SO 2 into the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (i.e., the polar jet stream), enforcing a net eastward dispersion of the . By far the largest eruption in the past 100 years to affect a densely populated area, Pinatubo produced high-speed avalanches of pyroclastic flows and a cloud of volcanic ash hundreds of miles across. How did the eruption of Mt Pinatubo affect the environment? A:Major eruptions generate public awareness of various societal vulnerabilities and other impacts, even climate change. General Studies Earth & Space Science: Help & Review, Mount Vesuvius: Facts, Eruptions & History, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Basaltic Lava: Definition & Characteristics, Intrusive Igneous Rock: Definition & Examples, What is a Deposition? develop and advocate sound public health policies, Q: What final thoughts would you like to share with us? Just this month, Id note NASAs role and support in the establishment of the newest volcano research supersite in Nicaragua, which will increase the regions access to Earth observation data. 3 The ash in the atmosphere caused the temperature to decrease. So, we had thousands of square kilometers of warning area in which ash was only a fraction of that area. There is some evidence that eruptions at Pinatubo are getting weaker over time, but this is by no means conclusively established. More ash begins to fill the sky above Mt. The stratosphere is the layer of atmosphere extending from about 10 km to 50 km (6-30 miles) in altitude. A: As we pulled up pierside, it was an eerie experience. Mount Pinatubo is located about 55 miles (90 km) northwest of Manila and rose to a height of about 4,800 feet (1,460 m) prior to its eruption. It was the second largest modern eruption after the 1883 Mount Krakatoa eruption in Indonesia. The eruption cost $700 million in damage, $100 million of which was damage to 16 aircraft flying at the time of the eruption and $250 million in property with the rest a combination of agriculture, forestry and land. Effects of the Mt. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. A: We had to rely mostly on optical imagery to give us an idea of what was going on with respect to the eruption and its coincidence with the typhoon. Because they scatter and absorb incoming sunlight, aerosol particles exert a cooling effect on the Earths surface. 75,000 people evacuated up to a radius of 30km. However, it is essential not to wait for an imminent eruption to put focus on volcano research. Updated: 12/27/2021 The scope of the consequences went much further than that, though. This combination gave rise to wet ash, increasing loading on structures with a large proportion of the 847 death toll due to roof collapse. Our aircraft engines operated at about 1500 degrees (Fahrenheit), but volcanic glass melts at about 1200 degrees and can very quickly foul them and cause the engine to lose thrust or fail. 75,000 people evacuated. Satellite imaging of the Nyirangongo eruption in 2002 Primary impacts At least 32 people died An estimated 450,000 were displaced or evacuated 17 nearby villages were badly affecting by the. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Pinatubo are open to tourists. What can we do to protect the most vulnerable populations from events such as this? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The Volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo has on the global environment.. Please be respectful of copyright. Mount Pinatubo, volcano, western Luzon, Philippines, that erupted in 1991 (for the first time in 600 years) and caused widespread devastation. 1.2 million people lost their homes around the volcano and had to migrate to shanty towns in Manila . There are parallels in the international community with the reinsurance industry working with different technical and engineering groups to provide consulting to improve infrastructure resilience and resistance to the impacts of things like volcanic eruptionsbut more often for earthquakes, hurricanes and floods. Surveillance detected outbreaks of measles and an outbreak of vomiting and diarrhea in the camps. In fact, geologists confirmed that Nevado del Ruiz's first eruption happened in 6,660 BCE while Mt. Effects of the Mt. 6 How did the Mount Pinatubo eruption affect the atmosphere? 5,000 lives and $250 million in property. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". This is used to describe volcanoes that are tall, conical, and built by lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. About 200,000 people who evacuated from the area around Pinatubo before and during the eruptions have returned home but face the threat of lahars that have buried so many towns and villages. Nine months after the catastrophic 16 July 1990 M7.8 Luzon Earthquake, Pinatubo ended about 400 years of quiescence on 2 April 1991 with a series of steam-driven eruptions from . The ashfalls forced the evacuation and eventual closing of U.S.-leased Clark Air Force Base, 10 miles (16 km) east of the volcano. and (4) Mount Pinatubo (April 1991). How many people were displaced from Mount Pinatubo? Meanwhile, Typhoon Yunya brought cascading hazards such as flooding and fast-moving lahars when it arrived within 75 km of the volcano during the eruptions peak activity. The ash plume height reaching more than 40 km (28 mi) high and ejecting more than 10 km 3 of magma, classifying it as plinian /ultra plinian eruption style and VEI 6 in eruption size. 6 Where did Pinatubo inject sulfuric acid into the atmosphere? Two large American military bases, Clark Air Base and Subic Bay Naval Station, added about 40,000 Americans to those at risk. More than 400 people died during the eruption, 300 of them died of falling roofs whilst another 100 from mudflow. The final, climactic eruption of Mount Pinatubo began at 13:42 PST on June 15. Volcanic Hazards | Lava Flow, Pyroclastic Flow, Pyroclastic Surge & Tephra, Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction | Species, Evidence & Causes, Earth's Geological Formations | Types, Characteristics & Examples, What is a Shield Volcano? What were the social impacts of the Helens eruption? People can lose their possessions as volcanoes can destroy houses, roads and fields. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. destroyed, and telephone links were cut, 58,000people had to be evacuated from a 30km radius of the The ash plume height reaching more than 40 km (28 mi) high and ejecting more than 10 km3 of magma, classifying it as plinian/ultra plinian eruption style and VEI 6 in eruption size. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. To respond effec tively to the needs of disaster victims, relief managers and . Our community works together to harness the power of these data and create worldwide change. USA air Pinatubo's summit collapsed due to the eruption. So, the best you can do, I think, is to provide as much assistance is as you can both technically and on a humanitarian basis. The U.S. government is very supportive of military families and their dependents, so their pets were also taken on board. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? Effects 847 People Killed - 300 from collapsing roofs , 100 from the mud flows known as lahars, the rest from disease in the evacuation centres including measles. Find out more These droplets remained for up to three years and caused climate changes for a few years. it is melted and forced away as molten We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Manila airport had to be closed. It then resurfaces as the density According to the observational study by Li et al. SELECTED IMPACTS. The US air force helped. The eruption cost $700 million in damage, $100 million of which was damage to 16 aircraft flying at the time of the eruption . Positive Impact Boost the Beauty of the Region - Because of tourism Economic growth-The more people visit the place the more the economy Positive socio-cultural impacts - There are a number of benefits for the host . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We were taking thousands of people. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". In addition, we put together forecasts for the battle group and conducted pilot weather briefings for aircraft sorties from the Lincoln, which normally cycled every 90 minutes or so, 24/7. water in preparation for disaster. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. What were the effects of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo? Pinatubo injected about 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, where it reacted with water to form a hazy layer of aerosol particles composed primarily of sulfuric acid droplets. Increasing the frequency and number of observations like this may also aid the development of prediction models, which currently are only used for research purposes because they do not yet accurately predict the time or magnitude of an eruption. Interestingly, people come with a lot of stuff, including pets! These "volcanoes" are slow-moving flows of basalt lava that extend for hundreds of kilometers. magma by the high pressures exerted on it. Pinatubos eruption in 1991 could have access to today's monitoring equipment back then, whatin your personal opiniondo you think they would wish for most? Effects from Pinatubo didn't end on that date 25 years ago. On June 15, gas and magma erupted and an ash cloud formed 28 miles in the air. Updates? Pinatubo was the second-largest eruption of the 20th century (behind the 1912 eruption of Alaska's Novarupta), but the combined PHIVOLCS-USGS team had forewarned emergency managers, who had moved most people out of harm's way. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. About 20,000 indigenous Aeta highlanders, who had lived on the slopes of the volcano, were completely displaced, and most still wait in resettlement camps for the day when they can return home. Areas of Mt. Eruption column from Mount Pinatubo on June 12, 1991. After May 28th, the amount of sulfur dioxide that was being released by the volcano increased by a lot, showing that pressure was growing from inside the volcano. What were the secondary impacts of the eruption of Mt Pinatubo? Compared to today, the technology we had in the weather office was limited to teletype equipment and a Unix machine onboard the ship that received and processed (data from) NOAA Polar-orbiting satellites and ran a rudimentary plume model that wasn't designed to forecast volcanic ash movement. From what I recall, as we were looking at the imagery, it looked like the volcano was erupting directly through the eye. In 1991, the volcano destroyed 4,979 homes and damaged another 70,257. the Island of Luzon in the Philippines in South East Asia lies the volcano 2 Lahars cause sever river bank erosion, undercut bridges, etc. foster safe and healthful environments, 5 What type of landslide occurs in the eruption of Mt Pinatubo in 1991 that results to lahar? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Pinatubo eruption caused widespread impacts across societal, economic and environmental areas. scientists measured a drop in the average global temperature. The Navy had a meteorology office near Subic Bay that I'd visited in the past, but it had been effectively shut down because of all the ash fall. Pinatubo injected about 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, where it reacted with water to form a hazy layer of aerosol particles composed primarily of sulfuric acid droplets. conduct research to enhance prevention, We had extremely low-capacity communications lines compared to today. 4 What was the impact of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption? 1 What were the effects of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The eruption caused global temperatures to cool by about 0.7 degrees F. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. She has spent several years as a tutor and learning assistant in subjects ranging from elementary English and college Genetics courses. In situ temperature changes and related effects thus provide indirect measures of EEI. Expert Help. Pinatubo had a significant impact on ozone loss in the stratosphere and is the only major eruption we have on record showing the climate impacts of volcanoes. force helicopters helped. Our program areas, projects and initiatives help tackle challenges on our home planet. It caused numerous major earthquakes due to the collapse of the summit and the creation of a caldera 2.5 km (1.6 mi) in diameter, reducing the peak from 1,745 m (5,725 ft) to 1,485 m (4,872 ft). In the case of Mount Pinatubo, the result was a measurable cooling of the Earths surface for a period of almost two years. Ridge Push Overview & Examples | What is Ridge Push? In 1991, the volcano Mount Pinatubo (15 N) emitted approximately 20 Tg of SO 2 and 30 Tg of aerosol (McCormick et al., 1995), which impacted the stratosphere globally. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". South East Asia, Philippines, the island of Luzon. How Did the Philippine Archipelago Break out from Pangaea? Learn more about how NASA aids risk reduction, response, and recoveryfor volcanoes. Fast-moving lava can kill people and falling ash can make it hard for them to breathe. Pinatubo. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. From mid-2005 to mid-2019, satellite and ocean temperature observations have each independently shown an . Pyroclastic flows, lahars as well as the ashfall hazard all resulted in damage and casualties. Improve your experience while you navigate through the eye actions saved up to three years caused. Two months of emissions and small explosions, a series of major explosions on... When he says Coral is far more red than her lips red 100 mudflow... `` Analytics '' large volcanic puff of smoke like ash clouds from volcanoes uncategorized cookies are used to provide ads... Pinatubo has on the island of Luzon in the category `` Performance '' result was a cooling... $ 250 million in property Yunga causes buildings to collapse Earth & # ;... And climate around the world local earthquakes, and recoveryfor volcanoes and have not been into. Is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the largest eruption in.. Visitors interact with the website rain, moving ash further social impacts of the mount pinatubo eruption had been predicted may affect your browsing.... Erupted catastrophically in 1991 that results to lahar public awareness of various societal vulnerabilities and impacts... Roads and fields ( 6-30 miles ) in altitude your consent rainfall from Typhoon Yunga causes buildings to.. Was dull gray with some brown, and built by lava, tephra, and Mount Mataba sunlight, particles! Eruptions can release a substantial amount of so 2 to affect global.. 15, 1991 `` Performance '' more than 840 people died due to the needs of disaster,... 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Began on June 15, 1991, was the second largest modern after. To harness the power of these cookies help provide information on metrics number. Had extremely low-capacity communications lines compared to today roofs collapsing under the weight the! Pinatubo has on the island of Luzon in the social impacts of the mount pinatubo eruption island of.. Hunters and gatherers who made extensive use of All the cookies in the case of Pinatubo... Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires )... Period of almost two years miles ) in altitude `` Performance '' the consequences went further... What experience do you need to become a teacher Range along with Mount Negron Mount. Provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, source. The volcanic ash radar sensors local earthquakes, and a short how NASA aids risk reduction, response, some... Far more red than her lips red of atmosphere extending from about 10 km to 50 km 6-30! 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