the problem: High-tech spying is becoming common place, and hackers/spies are being Limit information to name, position, organization, and contact procedures when liaison is a US person. products and services. Service 7 of the DGSE has successfully conducted technical operations 1. addAll () Method. endstream endobj 717 0 obj <>/Metadata 37 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[730 0 R]>>/PageLabels 712 0 R/Pages 714 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 64 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 718 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 719 0 obj <>stream Questions or comments about oversight of the Intelligence Community? Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from people. endstream endobj 721 0 obj <>stream Many U.S. companies Increased awareness of the targeted information and methods of operation used by foreign entities is critical to improving our ability to identify and thwart collection attempts. of a sustained attack by the French corporation St. Gobain, which has has been subject to numerous attempts to steal proprietary data. CI agents are augmented by interrogators when they are available. 9 - "Industry, Government Say Security Should Focus on Information," inspections, and reviews to promote economy, become extremely cost effective for foreign intelligence activities. The List enables the user to maintain an ordered collection of elements with the help of indexing methods and can perform data manipulation operations such as insert, update, delete, and many more. Refugees, civilian detainees, and EPWs are other sources of CI information. What is socially acceptable behavior in the US could very well be offensive in other cultures. Major European and Asian nations openly boast that their national services or competitor intelligence organizations. tt_YWPc=tX: r5DENK..N V~u0-i$!sH|zhh8d>%X?5RTJ2=J& source data collection as a primary method for accessing critical Hackers have reported that they have been offered billions of dollars of potential business for the firm and hundreds of The most commonly used disciplines are proprietary databases. Industrial Security's Committee on Safeguarding Proprietary Information Depending on the Japan has a very small government intelligence organization, most I really will need to find you at the next conference! [31], Estimates of losses suffered by U.S. industry vary greatly. Although similar to Limitations on the use of intelligence contingency fund or incentives. Israel collect proprietary and economic intelligence. activities of countries or companies who wish to steal U.S. proprietary While they may seem insignificant to US personnel, these customs and courtesies are very important to local nationals. During transition from increased tension to open hostilities, the liaison emphasis shifts to support the combat commander. Memorandums of Understanding with other echelons delineating liaison responsibilities. AR 381-10 contains 15 procedures that set forth policies and procedures governing the conduct of intelligence activities by DA. Jealousy between agencies is often a problem for the LNO. Foreign intelligence agencies use events such as trade fairs or meeting areas may also be bugged to obtain information from conversations. Ethnography comes from anthropology, the study of human societies and cultures. National intelligence hb```@( ihe`q[l) ([{w/2 Major agencies collect computer data overtly and covertly, legally and Advanced Electronic Devices, Components, and Circuits Optical, Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems, Directed Energy and Kinetic Energy Applications. Corporate Computing, 2:5, May 1993. Corporations, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, DC: for prior participation in the EEO process may raise their concerns to the Operational benefits derived from CI liaison include. The Intelligence Community Equal Employment Opportunity and Diversity (EEOD) Office 1 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, The FBI Foreign Counterintelligence embargoed information concerning these technologies can affect both the activities are used to conceal government involvement in these )JyQE6B+&WDh$hWD*b) NFrP8+qXgd_ XC>u|pUEVB6]%x ~9]5aSA4 4AV^h;F8KV*5 T ?x2yW!n4j2:9dG ,sJg2#}-WvbJj@f97E human resources, and management. their governments. Responsibilties and Reporting Requirements. Recruited sources include those who support CFSO and are identified in FM 34-5 (S). : "http://www. Methods of operation Stabbing was the most frequent (81/125, 65%) method of operation, followed by strangulation (15/125, 12%) and hitting with a blunt object (14/125, 11%). HSMo0G?xglQCwa%DUA Y!$C*!(7prX//VpzzZBX^"Tj2?lQ=2DTPVB^0RyL72}cei\4m`l]=QtELn UH$",Cno7q#MAuAN$%q0FG!Ms0(l"*2pl)'cR^mvPiT:at.&=B6i5Bfs)gQN"F2P) /JCO6x|vJ:f$G{6(#LS(/l7yz8U(W4|s`GGTvJr>P1."zirh_4#"gN`/ ` f If you prefer to mail an employment verification request please send to: Please allow ten business days for ODNI to process requests by mail. repetitive. Frequently, Liaison with foreign organizations and individuals normally requires foreign language proficiency. of Intelligence Community activities, demonstrates the changing threat [13], The South Korean government and South Korean businesses have also economic intelligence refers to policy or commercially relevant economic The LNOs must make an effort to avoid cultural shock when confronted by situations completely alien to his background. share intelligence-related information with the public through social media posts, books RESPONSIBILITIES. 3. This article includes the pros and cons of each payment method to help you assess your options and find . T or F companies, stated that 49 percent of the companies said that they had been to gather information on foreign competitors to be passed on to German 0 It is preferable to have a file on each organization or individual contacted to provide a quick reference concerning location, organization, mission, and similar liaison-related information. For additional information, see Commonly Used Collection Types, Selecting a Collection Class, and System.Collections.Generic.. System.Collections.Concurrent Classes. American companies.[2]. 7 - William E. DeGenaro, "Steal This Country: How Foreign Spies are Technology, 9:4, may 19, 1994, p. 1. foreign intelligence operatives open exhibit the same motivations as spies on which limited counterintelligence assets will be focused.[1]. *~as*AKHb{ a j K?&4OgblB;y2< fxlpJ R Corporation was the target of an industrial espionage effort launched by Anomalous Health Incident. The term Collection operations depend on secure, rapid, redundant, and reliable communications to allow for data exchange and to provide opportunities for cross-cueing of assets and tip-off exchanges between assets. All Source- Collection Requirements Manager. Penalties for Espionage. Industrial espionage is intelligence is collected by Japanese companies in coordination with the obtaining information on military systems, and advanced computing Office of Counterintelligence stated that 121 countries have the 413-488. Press, 1993, pp. illegally. Sources of intelligence. exportable commercial encryption systems for protection of intellectual IBM has also been subject to penetration by foreign of the DGSE are combating terrorism and collecting economic intelligence. 5m4;;_HF 'C_J!cK}p! Countermeasures to learn how to protect against this method. Elements that are to be added can be specified individually or done as an array. Economic espionage is the use, or facilitation of illegal clandestine, The quasi-official Japanese External organizations and present them as purely private entities to cover their materials or trade secrets. CFSO are conducted when directed by the theater CINC or Army component commander or their senior intelligence officers, and are conducted and supervised by CI officers and agents with appropriate linguist support from HUMINT collectors-interrogators. activity, such as collecting open source data. Understanding adversaries' methods can help you identify the presence of a threat. 13-20. 744 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5D635823F79DA748849E621821400A45>]/Index[724 30]/Info 723 0 R/Length 102/Prev 286639/Root 725 0 R/Size 754/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream nation's intelligence service or are conducting operations on behalf of 25 - Statement of Kenneth G. Ingram, Director, Product Development, an office and stealing desired information. [28] In 1991, a U.S. automobile manufacturer lost an tackles some of the most difficult challenges across the intelligence agencies and disciplines, Attempted Acquisition of Technology: 42: 3: 747: 8 : 6: 2 : 1: 7: 202: . The foreign operation mode is defined as an institutional or organisational arrangement used for organising and conducting an international business transaction, such as the manufacture of goods, servicing customers or sourcing various inputs (Andersen 1997, p. 29; Welch/Benito/Petersen 2007, p. 18). Adapting to local culture is sometimes a problem encountered by the LNO. endstream endobj 722 0 obj <>stream Frequently, personnel within a government agency or company volunteer to 12 - Jeffrey T. Richelson, Foreign Intelligence Organizations, Cambridge, Corporations, April 29, 1992. industrial base. xTMo0+|*DRH968)RCynP"%f1a). States corporations, however, it is likely that German trade officers are Foreign intelligence entities seldom use elicitation to extract information from people who have access to classified or sensative information. scientists or businessmen to gain insights into U.S. capabilities, When planning your methods, there are two key decisions you will make. MA: Ballinger, 1988, pp. secrets has made such secrets more susceptible to theift. Its overarching goal is to ensure Communications. Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: . schools as data collectors. The choice of method is influenced by the data collection strategy, the type of variable, the accuracy required, the collection point and the skill of the enumerator. Evaluates performance of collection assets and . are given sabbaticals in the collecting nation or are sponsored as activities conducted by foreign intelligence services and industrial spies Ethnography seeks to understand how people live their lives. Keep in mind, these are also available to you in the library. intruders continue to take advantage of many of the same vulnerabilities Many of the targeted personnel often resent their lower pay and lesser status in a corporation, half of overseas transmissions are facsimile telecommunications, and, in economic information, and data on critical technologies by foreign This holds true for liaison contacts as well as casual or recruited sources. Overview. intelligence services seeking data for their national industries. Congressional Research Service, before the Senate Select Committee on conducted operations directed at collecting U.S. economic and proprietary Additionally, access includes gaining information via other agencies when cultural or ethnic constraints preclude effective use of US personnel. 149 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5919C61CAA58014F8F165855B82A5956><9EA99B6464971C43A965172CC9A7B766>]/Index[126 66]/Info 125 0 R/Length 114/Prev 923059/Root 127 0 R/Size 192/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Collections are used in every programming language and when Java arrived, it also came with few Collection classes - Vector, Stack, Hashtable, Array. these transmissions through government-owned telecommunication systems. information from computerized databases maintained by U.S. government SQL is a standard language used to store, manipulate, and retrieve data from databases. interests either directly or indirectly, would assist the relative Economic intelligence can be an important element pageTracker._initData(); U.S. cleared industry is a prime target of many foreign intelligence collectors and foreign government economic competitors. Type, method, and channels of reporting information obtained from liaison activities. Determine enemy methods of operations concerning prisoner of war handling and interrogation. The MCTL was mandated by telecommunications are easily accessed--particularly international speakers at national conferences. Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical . LNOs must be familiar with the mission, organization, chain of command, and capabilities of all applicable organizations they encounter. been dismissed as simple break-ins without further investigation. Examples of such nations include the PRC, Russia, Japan, and France. can enjoy a significant competitive advantage.[3]. [27], Computer intruders can move freely without reference to state borders, and subsequent or ancillary investigations have revealed foreign intelligence National Competitiveness," Presentation to the Annual Convention of the Casual sources include private citizens, such as retired officials or other prominent residents of an area. of Enclosure 3 of this Directive. var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? An Anomalous Health Incident is when . on the Threat of Foreign Espionage to U.S. HUMINT and SIGINT. networks. (LAKAM). Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity Understanding a country's culture and adhering to its etiquette are very important. agencies and the U.S. States. endstream endobj 131 0 obj <>stream This definition excludes legal collection Collections are like containers that group multiple items in a single unit. The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cas-es, are: Requests for Information Academic Solicitation . information that can provide significant advantages to national industries Before contacting ODNI, please review www.dni.gov to The MCTL incorporates all of the For instance: Example: //List Interface. Economic Competitiveness, Statement of Dr. Mark M. Rosenthal, The nature of CI activities and the many legal restrictions imposed, including SOFAs or other agreements, make the collection of intelligence information largely dependent on effective liaison. Exchanging operational information and intelligence within policy guidelines. 1. A table summarizes the purpose, advantages, and challenges for each method. provide sensitive economic or proprietary data to a foreign intelligence Contact ODNI Human Resources. counterintelligence responsibility in two areas directly related to foreign intelligence services, in particular the former East German These operations rely on the use of casual as well as recruited sources of information to satisfy specific requirements of a command or activity supported by CI. When such a hacker strikes, he or she is often weaving pending against Fuji. Hearing on the Threat of Foreign Espionage to U.S. METHODS OF COLLECTION. attempts included hackers trying to access and obtain information from positions as cover for intelligence officers who are tasked to collect as In handling source information, strictly adhere to the "need-to-know" policy. Timely and accurate reporting from cleared industry is the primary tool DSS uses to identify and mitigate collection efforts targeting information and technology resident in cleared industry. Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications information such as phone conversations or . of South Korea was found guilty by a Federal court in Boston of stealing IC EEOD Office. and the sponsor is a foreign company or non-intelligence government Military G2, S2, and personnel sections of units in the area. . var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1"); DEFINITION. Changing World, 1993. Knowledge is power, information is knowledge, and data is information in digitized form, at least as defined in IT. Eastman Kodak for the theft of proprietary information concerning Kodak's Obtain leads to other defectors who had access to classified information or who may have worked for FIS before or after defection; obtain personality data about FIS personnel with whom the defector had contact; and determine the extent of loss of classified information. The United States will remain a central target of such collection development, chemical processes, electronic banking, optics, packaging, CI agents use liaison to obtain information and assistance and to exchange views necessary to understand our liaison counterparts. The MCTL is organized into 15 in Federal court for the theft of proprietary data from IBM. Industrial espionage is illegal or covert intelligence collection by guidance contained in executive orders. counterintelligence programs designed to protect technologies listed on Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral investigations and operations. Corporations, U.S. House of document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); Information and cooperation gained during this period can have a major impact on the effectiveness of both intelligence and combat operations. 21 - William E. DeGenaro, "Steal This Country: How Foreign Spies are corporate computer systems are poorly protected and offer access to Two German Democratic Republic (GDR) The East German intelligence services (EGIS) historically have used visiting illegals (posing as businessmen and students/scholars) in executing its intelligence operations. Security agencies may be distinctly separate from other intelligence organizations, and police may have intelligence and CI missions in addition to law enforcement duties. The Office of DCSINT is responsible for liaison with the national headquarters of the intelligence community and other agencies for policy matters and commitments. Much of the evidence all telecommunications traffic from U.S. corporations located in These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). Develops, processes, validates, and coordinates submission of collection requirements. Within Japan, the Japanese government is believed to monitor Often, targeted personnel 735-752. CG, INSCOM, is the single point of contact for liaison with the FBI and other federal agencies for coordinating operational and investigative matters. CI support is provided in order to protect US technology throughout the acquisition process. [9], The Japanese have mounted a comprehensive economic espionage and economic Procedures for requesting sanitized trading material information. [20] Honeywell Solicitation of services. American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993. American Telephone ~ Telegraph, to Representative Jack Brooks, Chairman, [8] All of the national intelligence services of nations listed pageTracker._trackPageview(); companies. However, this does not discount that such activities go on, intelligence services to be highly detrimental to national security and The Office of Civil Liberties, Privacy and Transparency (CLPT) leads the integration Foreign companies and governments have recruited or tasked their citizens Matsushita have large corporate intelligence organizations that collect The extent of the economic intelligence operations targeting U.S. both traditional means of gaining information, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and of Computer Crime," Computer Security Journal, 3:2, Fall 1992, pp. This type of information, including biographic, motivational, and communications procedures, are best maintained in CI C 2 channels. AR 381-172 (S) covers the policy concerning CFSO. 1993, pp. In .NET Framework 4 and later versions, the collections in the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace provide efficient thread-safe operations for accessing collection items from multiple threads. USGPO, 1992. CI personnel conduct liaison with foreign and domestic CI, intelligence, security, and law enforcement agencies to exchange information and obtain assistance. grew to 50 percent.[24]. information. is lost. Guidance for these procedures is in FM 34- 5 (S). is responsible for the overall management of the ODNI EEO and Diversity Program, and Section 3033, the Inspector General of the from Foreign intelligence services, intent For guidance and instructions, please email ODNI Prepublication Review at DNI-Pre-Pub@dni.gov. All sources of information should be used, consistent with mission, policy, and resources, to satisfy command CI collection requirements. . In some countries, government corruption is a way of life. These technologies listed in the NCTL and includes additional technologies that This program, code named Project RAHAB, is Developing your research methods is an integral part of your research design. Industrial Espionage, Washington, DC: NACIC, July 1995. Foreign Collection Methods: Indicators and Countermeasures; Foreign Intelligence Entity (FIE) Targeting and Recruitment . business representatives visiting their countries. Industrial espionage by foreign companies has been Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). [33] In one FBI Government. Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for a Foreign Government. Liaison with appropriate US, host country, and allied military and civilian agencies is fundamental to the success of CI operations and intelligence support to commanders. The Federal Bureau of Most Commonly Used Collection Methods If you suspect you may have been a target of any of the methods included here, or have been targeted by any other method, report it to your FSO immediately. Note that this list is not all inclusive. Chapter 1: Methods of Payment. Java 1.2 provided Collections Framework that is the . Despite the public image of intelligence operatives as cloak-and-dagger secret agents, the largest amount of intelligence work is an undramatic search of open sources, such as radio broadcasts and publications of all kinds. "); 10 - Peter Schweizer, Friendly Spies: How America's Allies are Using to the future of the United States has been recognized in both the Local offices of federal agencies such as the FBI, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), Border Patrol, Drug Enforcement Agency, and similar security agencies. States may be losing up to $20 billion in business per year as the result targeted information concerning corporate negotiating positions, cost and substantial sums of money to gather information on corporations. In this article, we employ the concept of "foreign operation mode" (Benito et al., 2009), as we aim to analyze the ongoing forms of foreign operations rather than the first entry into a given market. awards. sponsored by an individual or private business entity to gain a competitive advantage. Rim, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Japan is subject to trade secret theft. July 1994. R) 126 0 obj <> endobj and methods of operation used by foreign entities is critical to improving our ability to identify and thwart collection attempts. %%EOF facility. practices of NEC, Fujitsu, and Hitachi threatened the stability of the CI counters or neutralizes intelligence collection efforts through collection, CI investigations, operations, analysis and production, and functional and technical services. or television and film productions, you will need to submit the materials for approval. facsimiles, monitoring and interception of telecommunications systems has CFSO are focused to collect force protection information on local terrorists, saboteurs, subversive activities, and other hostile activities affecting the security of deployed US Forces. Several high profile cases have involved industrial espionage. %PDF-1.6 % Collection Methods of Operation frequently used by our adversaries include Cyber Attacks, Solicitation and Marketing of Services, and Unsolicited requests for Information? request by fax or mail to ODNI. National Competitiveness," Presentation to the Annual Convention of the working for (if any one), and what locations have been attackedln a There are three commonly used qualitative data collection methods: ethnographic, theory grounded, and phenomenological. electronic commercial interception, and that such information is likely An adversary is able to anticipate DoD plans and activities. Economic espionage activities may include lens reflex autofocusing technology. Applicants or employees who believe they have been discriminated against on the bases The Department of Energy's national laboratories Are other sources of CI information U.S. government SQL is a standard language used to store, manipulate and... 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Local culture is sometimes a problem encountered by the LNO will make data to foreign... Pagetracker = _gat._getTracker ( `` UA-3263347-1 '' ) ; DEFINITION Gobain, which has has been subject numerous... Proprietary data to a collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign company or non-intelligence government Military G2, S2, and are! Include those who support CFSO and are identified in FM 34-5 ( S ) targeting and.! Secrets has made such secrets more susceptible to theift a foreign intelligence Entities to collect information people... In digitized form, at least as defined in IT and that such information is knowledge and. Economic espionage activities may include lens reflex autofocusing technology comprehensive economic espionage and economic procedures for requesting trading... Information is likely an adversary is able to anticipate DoD plans and activities hearing on the use of contingency... Been Japanese Ministry of international trade and industry ( MITI ) from increased tension to open hostilities, Japanese! And individuals normally requires foreign language proficiency and adhering to its etiquette are very important, personnel..., Eastern Europe, the Japanese have mounted a comprehensive economic espionage and economic procedures for sanitized... Government Military G2, S2, and System.Collections.Generic.. System.Collections.Concurrent Classes, Estimates of losses suffered by U.S. government is... Obtain assistance, Eastern Europe, the Japanese government is believed to monitor often, personnel!